Maximum effect often requires six or more months of therapy. Food and Drug Administration FDA orphan drug status for treatment of mitochondrial cytopathies based on several small trials. A preliminary open label trial 17 of 32 patients taking mg of coenzyme Q10 daily demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency of migraine attacks. A recent randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial 18 of 42 patients taking coenzyme Q10 at mg a day found similar benefit. The response rate i. The number needed to treat was three.
A number of randomized controlled trials, 20 — 22 including those in a meta-analysis, 23 found improvement in several clinical parameters related to CHF, including frequency of hospitalization, dyspnea, and edema. These trials were weakened by small numbers only two of 14 trials had more than 25 participants and older techniques for calculating ejection fraction. Of the more recent randomized trials using ventriculography and echocardiography, two found coenzyme Q10 at to mg daily no more effective than placebo in improving ejection fraction, peak oxygen consumption, exercise duration, or quality of life.
A systematic review 29 of eight trials using coenzyme Q10 at various doses for essential hypertension, typically as adjuvant therapy, found a mean decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 16 and 10 mm Hg, respectively. Several of these trials 30 demonstrated confounding variables or were weakened by low statistical power.
The evidence for coenzyme Q10 use in other cardiovascular settings is promising and requires larger, longer-term trials. Preliminary data also imply benefit in the setting of atherosclerosis. This includes a randomized, placebo-controlled trial 33 of 73 patients who were randomized to mg a day of coenzyme Q10 following myocardial infarction.
At one year, the coenzyme Q10 group demonstrated a significant decrease in total cardiac events including nonfatal myocardial infarctions and cardiac deaths. This improvement has been attributed to possible attenuation of endothelial dysfunction. Coenzyme Q10 has been considered for improving glycemic control through various mechanisms, including a decrease in oxidative stress.
Two earlier randomized controlled trails 35 , 36 using to mg of coenzyme Q10 in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes found no difference in glycemic control and insulin requirement. Although it is used for the prevention and treatment of cancer, the AHRQ found no evidence to assess the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for this use. No absolute contraindications are known for coenzyme Q10, although reliable information about its use in pregnant or breastfeeding mothers or in young children is not available.
Adverse effects with coenzyme Q10 are rare. On average, mild gastrointestinal discomfort is reported in less than 1 percent of patients in clinical trials. Several trials demonstrate coenzyme Q10 depletion subsequent to statin initiation. This assertion is refuted by a more recent crossover trial 44 that found no significant coenzyme Q10 drop after initiation of selected statins.
Several doxorubicin Adriamycin trials, mostly in animal models, have noted a reduction in cardiac coenzyme Q10 depletion and cardiotoxicity associated with coadministration of coenzyme Q The clinical implications on disease state and adverse reaction profile with coenzyme Q10 supplementation in depleted states requires further evaluation. The majority of coenzyme Q10 products are synthesized in Japan through proprietary fermentation of yeast strains.
The efficacy, adverse effects, interactions, dosages, cost, and bottom line are summarized in Table 2. Congestive heart failure, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease: conflicting or preliminary evidence. Rare: gastrointestinal upset reported in less than 1 percent of study participants.
Warfarin Coumadin : potential interaction in case report only, with no interaction noted in prospective trial. Mitochondrial cytopathies: mg per day or 2 mg per kg per day with titration up to 3, mg per day in some patients.
The American College of Cardiology recently published an expert consensus document on integrating complementary medicine into cardiovascular medicine.
Their conclusions regarding the use of coenzyme Q10 are consistent with those discussed above. The value of coenzyme Q10 in cardiovascular disease and with statin use has not been clearly established. Integrating complementary medicine into cardiovascular medicine.
J Am Coll Cardiol ;— Already a member or subscriber? Log in. Interested in AAFP membership? Learn more. Address correspondence to Robert Alan Bonakdar, M.
Torrey Pines Rd. List of Partners vendors. Coenzyme Q10 is a compound found naturally in your body. Known to have antioxidant effects, it is essential for the proper functioning of your cells; one of its main jobs is to aid in the production of energy. Research suggests coenzyme Q10 may help treat or prevent disease ranging from diabetes to migraines to Alzheimer's disease , as well as reverse signs of aging.
Levels of coenzyme Q10 decrease with time, so many turn to its dietary supplement form in hopes of reaping these benefits.
Here's a look at some of the science behind the health effects of coenzyme Q The authors note that coenzyme Q10 may treat cardiac ailments in a few different ways. For example, research suggests that coenzyme Q10 may reduce oxidative stress , as well as promote widening of the blood vessels—a key factor in blood pressure control. In addition, coenzyme Q10 may be beneficial to cardiac cells, which have high energy requirements and are extremely sensitive to coenzyme Q10 deficiency.
In a review published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , scientists pooled data from two previously published clinical trials with a total of 50 participants comparing the effects of coenzyme Q10 to those of a placebo in the treatment of high blood pressure.
However, the reviewed studies were too small and unreliable to draw any firm conclusions as to CoQ10's effectiveness in the long-term management of high blood pressure.
Coenzyme Q10 shows promise in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease , according to a research review published in Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment.
While few clinical trials have tested the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in people with Parkinson's or Alzheimer's, some preliminary research indicates that the supplement may be helpful to such patients. For example, animal-based research has shown that coenzyme Q10 may inhibit the overproduction of beta-amyloid , a protein fragment that forms the brain plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. Coenzyme Q10 may improve diabetic neuropathy and insulin sensitivity in people with diabetes.
In a study, 50 people with diabetic neuropathy were given either milligrams mg of CoQ10 a day or a placebo for 12 weeks. Patients taking CoQ10 had significant reductions in blood sugar, markers of oxidative stress, and insulin resistance compared to the control group.
Guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society say that CoQ10 is possibly effective in preventing migraines, but this conclusion is based on limited evidence. In one small study published in Neurology, 42 patients with migraines with and without aura received either mg of CoQ10 or a placebo pill three times daily for three months. A little under half of participants who took CoQ10 reported a 50 percent or more decrease in the number of migraine attacks at the end of the study period compared with just Some research suggests coenzyme Q10 may help reduce muscle pain and weakness as a side effect of statin use.
However, the evidence is inconclusive. In one small study, 50 patients taking statin medications were given mg of CoQ10 or a placebo for 30 days. Three-quarters of the CoQ10 group reported a reduction in statin-related muscle pain, while the placebo group saw no improvement. No serious side effects of CoQ10 have been reported. CoQ10 may interact with blood-thinning medication and blood pressure medication, and may not be compatible with certain cancer medications.
Check with your healthcare provider before taking CoQ CoQ10 supplements are sold in capsule, soft gel, and liquid forms. There is no recommended daily amount for CoQ The typical dose ranges from 90 mg to mg daily, but depends on the condition it is being used to treat.
These diseases are associated with free radical damage. A study investigated the effect of a Mediterranean diet combined with CoQ10 supplementation on metabolism in elderly adults. This combination led to an increase in antioxidant biomarkers in the urine.
The authors concluded that taking CoQ10 and eating a diet low in saturated fat may help protect against diseases caused by free radical damage. In another study , older adults received CoQ10 and selenium supplements for 48 months. The participants reported improvements in vitality, physical performance, and overall quality of life.
CoQ10 supplements appear to be safe, and most people tolerate them even at high doses. However, CoQ10 supplements can cause the following side effects:. People should consult a doctor before taking any new medications or dietary supplements, including CoQ CoQ10 is an antioxidant that exists in almost every cell of the human body.
Although the body naturally produces CoQ10, some people may benefit from taking supplements. Overall, CoQ10 supplements appear relatively safe and cause few side effects. Supplements are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration FDA for purity or verified for labeling accuracy, so purchase only those products that have been tested by an independent lab. People who are interested in trying CoQ10 supplements may want to consult a healthcare professional first.
Experts do not recommend CoQ10 for people taking blood-thinning medications, insulin , or certain chemotherapy drugs. CoQ10 is available in some drug stores, pharmacies, and online. Mitochondria are often called the powerhouses of the cell. We explain how they got this title, and outline other important roles that they carry out. Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients. Oily fish, seeds, and nuts are among the best sources.
In this article, we take a look at 15 omegarich…. Some cholesterol-lowering drugs work best when a person takes them in the evening, while others are equally effective in the morning.
Learn more about…. Heart disease is a leading cause of death for men, who typically experience different symptoms than women. In this article, we cover the signs and…. Dementia describes symptoms affecting memory and cognitive function. A three-month study in 45 women demonstrated that those treated with mg of CoQ10 per day experienced significant reductions in the frequency, severity and duration of migraines, compared to a placebo group For treating migraines, the typical dosage recommendation for CoQ10 is — mg per day As mentioned above, CoQ10 levels naturally deplete with age.
Thankfully, supplements can raise your levels of CoQ10 and may even improve your overall quality of life.
Older adults with higher blood levels of CoQ10 tend to be more physically active and have lower levels of oxidative stress, which may help prevent heart disease and cognitive decline CoQ10 supplements have been shown to improve muscle strength, vitality and physical performance in older adults Both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been linked to the onset and progression of diabetes and diabetes-related complications Studies show that supplementing with CoQ10 helps reduce the production of free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can harm your health if their numbers get too high.
CoQ10 also helps improve insulin resistance and regulate blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. A week study in 50 people with diabetes found that those who received mg of CoQ10 per day had significant reductions in blood sugar, markers of oxidative stress and insulin resistance, compared to the control group Doses of — mg of CoQ10 per day appear to improve diabetes symptoms Oxidative damage is one of the main causes of both male and female infertility by negatively affecting sperm and egg quality 29 , For example, oxidative stress can cause damage to sperm DNA, potentially resulting in male infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss Research has found that dietary antioxidants — including CoQ10 — may help reduce oxidative stress and improve fertility in both men and women.
Supplementing with — mg per day of CoQ10 has been shown to improve sperm concentration, density and motility in men with infertility Similarly, these supplements may improve female fertility by stimulating ovarian response and help slow ovarian aging CoQ10 doses of — mg have been shown to help boost fertility CoQ10 supplements help reduce the inflammation associated with heavy exercise and may even speed recovery A 6-week study in German athletes found that those who supplemented with mg of CoQ10 daily experienced significant improvements in physical performance — measured as power output — compared to a placebo group CoQ10 has also been shown to reduce fatigue and increase muscle power in non-athletes Doses of mg per day appear to be most effective in boosting athletic performance in research studies Dosage recommendations for CoQ10 vary depending on individual needs and goals.
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